Counselling Assignment Essay Example

Counselling Assignment Essay It is a vital function of our memory systems. It also helps people to connect and relate with each other. However, stereotyping can also be based on assumptions and presumptions about people Which leads to sentimentalism and can result in a bypass Of the counselors capacity for empathy. As such, it is highly relevant to the counseling experience. Stereotypes are not fresh or born of the present moment and tend to reduce the dull humanity of a person and obscure the bigger picture. Rather than deny that we make assumptions and operate from stereotypes, our tutors have proposed that it is much more healthy and lawful to the counseling process for the counselor to be aware of any stereotypes they might have. The value of recognizing a stereotype is that it trees both parties from inauthentic relating. I would guess that the more difference there is between the client and the counselor, the more likely a stereotype is to exist, To assess the worth or quality of the relevance of stereotyping and see both the strengths and weaknesses Of it, Will take the following examples. We will write a custom essay sample on Counselling Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Counselling Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Counselling Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As a counselor, would first Of all need to be very aware Of my own personal stereotyping. For instance, do hold the view that young people in their ass are too young to fully appreciate or relate to the value of money, This impedes me from being able to see the true values that a young client would be putting on money. They might not he able to organize their money or plan for things they want to do in the future due to inexperience, and they might need some help in this area, but the judgment would be holding would not let me see this need. The relevance of stereotyping comes from people observing patterns of human nature in other people and perhaps in themselves. The danger of it being a shorthand is that it can mean e objectify other people and do not allow ourselves to have a direct fresh up-to-date heartfelt relationship With the person Who we are relating With. As a counselor to a young person in their ass, I would need to find simple open questions that allowed the client to explore his relationship with money. I might also reveal my own struggles With money management, in order to create empathy. Our tutors pointed out that honoring difference, valuing differences, can deepen the connection or bond between counselor and client by deepening the capacity for empathy. Personally, I feel I dont carry any prejudices about people?s racial backgrounds. Ive traveled a lot in my life and found many ways to connect with people of different races. However because of difficulties have had while working in Scotland, do hold prejudices against Scottish people. The only strength or value I can see of holding this stereotype or prejudice about the Scottish national identity wool be if it were to be true for the client in any given moment. For instance, one aspect of this that I feel to be true is that Scottish people hold themselves to be different, and generally to be badly treated by their English neighbors. It could be helpful to assess freshly with the client the veracity of this particular stereotype. If the stereotype is actually true, for the client, then they can be c value for it. If it is not true, this might be an opportunity for empathy in connection with the client. Where stereotyping might make a valuable contribution is when it holds a truth for the client at that moment. If the client uses a stereotype to present themselves, and it is true, it is no longer a Stereotype. Many Scottish people have over the centuries been themselves victim of stereotyping and prejudice by the English neighbors. Discrimination. This is why they are unhappy about it. But to be on the receiving end of something that is historical and for which I have no responsibility for his painful and irksome and makes me feel somehow invisible and unvalued as a person with individuality and a contribution to make to the present moment. Also, if the client is presenting them selves and talking about themselves as a stereotype, almost as a cliche of themselves, it would be helpful to look at this in terms of symbiotic identification and individuation processes. A client who says L am like my ad, like my beer, I like my dinner on the table at 6 oclock, I like my women in short skirts and support Gaston Villa. Asking open questions that guide the client to an appreciation of the implicit exchange in his relationships might well be a challenge to somebody who has such a stereotypical view of himself. And to take another example, I would personally hold the news of a client revealing that she is pregnant to be positive. If a client, for instance, were to reveal that to me, and I were to automatically assume that this is good news for the client, I might miss attuning to her real feelings about eyeing pregnant. Being interested in her direct experience would be more helpful. So a question like L could imagine that this would be good news of some people but not so great for others, how is this news for you? Would help the counselor attune to the clients direct experience of being pregnant Language Issues. Assessing the worth or value of the relevance of language issues to the counseling process needs to be taken on a case-by-case basis. Competence in the shared language that the counseling process is conducted in would be an easy and comfortable assumption to make. The issue of the language that as used in the counseling process might be much less significant in cases where such spe cific circumstances were not present. But if the client is foreign, or has a stammer a stutter, or has been severely abused for speaking their mind, the counselor would need to take into account the specific circumstances in order to attune to the needs of their client. The impact of the act of speaking might be very emotionally charged in these cases, in which case the counselor would need to place a very high value and importance on the language that they used and the impact that the language had on their client. As well as the emotional processes that were engaged by the client when they begin to speak. The way a counselor speaks is also significant in the counseling process. If the counselor comes from a middle or upper class background, and speaks in a way that the client deems to be overly posh, it might be more difficult to establish a rapport with the client. Because the client might think that the counselor doesnt have the same problems and experiences and difficulties that they do. Have faced this particular difficulty myself when working as a supply teacher in a special needs school. The young students came from deprived working class families and they did not believe that I could understand their difficulties and that I would be judging them. This prejudice was difficult to overcome in the short time that I had to work with them. I personally remember seeing a Gestalt therapist about 25 years ago with the issue of language became very significant to me. I found him critical of me for using flowery language to describe my experience. This became one of the significant reasons why stopped working with him. Different Belief Systems. The area of religious belief can have a powerful impact on the way a client experiences their world. What affects the value is the strength with which the client holds to their belief systems. If the counselor is working with a person who has a strong belief in a Christian God, for instance, and they have experienced a tragic loss of their child, the client might be angry with God and suffer a crisis of faith because God has taken their child away from them, or on the other hand, might feel soothed and supported by a belief in a higher power that has a grand design for our lives. The counselor who does not respect such a faith will not be able to serve this client well. And if a unsolder who is not a Muslim is counseling a Muslim, it might be difficult for them to understand not only the religious but also the community links that are Muslim client might value. In this case it will be helpful for the counselor to be very direct about the differences and ask for the client to explain his own particular perspective. On the other hand, if the client does not hold beliefs that have been taken on from a religious code, it becomes important to look at the beliefs that the client has decided for themselves out Of their direct experience Of living in within their family and social culture. Family Structures. Neurologically, the family environment in which we grow up is immensely significant to the kind of person we become. Cannot evaluate the relevance of this theme of a family structures highly enough. I would value it as, generally, the highest of all influences. Mom from a small family, with one brother, one auntie and two cousins who live in Italy. I find it difficult to understand people who grow up in a large family and the need to make a particular effort to compensate for my lack of experience in this area. I even find it difficult to imagine how somebody makes decisions about their life in allegations to their families demands and pressures. The rules of a family, be they spoken or not, are u sually very powerful influences on the values and decision-making processes of the client. Particularly if the counselor is committed to exploring the implicit emotional experience of the client, and the client grew up in a family which didnt do emotions or feelings, the counselor would need to attune his challenges and support for the clients emotional journey to the capacities of the client to even feel their own emotions. Such a family would probably feel threatened by the values of a unsolder who emphasizes feelings more than the family culture does. I have a friend who is the eldest child in a family of five; her mum had five children with five different men, none of whom she married. And another friend who was the eldest child out of six children that her mother had. Her dad disappeared before he was 20, and the other five children were fathered by her stepfather. Both of my friends have issues of over-responsibility and difficulties to make decisions in their own self interest due to the family structure in which they grew up in. Conversely, I grew up in a male orientated Emily. My father and younger brother, and a pretty unfeminine mother. It feels to me that I have gone on a long journey to understand and appreciate to the degree I do now that women are wired very differently from men. Became most intimately aware of this when lived with a partner who had two daughters Of ages six and nine. Realized during the 4 years we were together just how differently girls grow up from boys, and how their whole perspective on life, the physical emotional and mental filters through which they view their experience of the moment, is so different from boys. And revises such different value systems from those of boys. Eel still have a lot to learn about gender differences but at least have become aware of the different priorities of men and women. The question asks me to evaluate the relevance of family structures in the counseling process. Personally would place a very high value on this, I can see no counter argument whereby family structures would not be significant in the counseling process. Fifth client I was counseling were to have a similar family structure to myself, that could be both simpler, but potentially more difficult, than somebody whose family Truckee was very different from my own. Simpler because I might have similar experiences to refer to in myself, but potentially more difficult because I might assume that my client would respond in the same way and develop themselves in a similar way to me. This would be a very dangerous presumption to bring into the counseling space. Family Life Experiences I have had a girlfriend who was Turkish. When she had been divorcing her husband, named Tail, all her family relatives and all his family relatives met for a very long meeting one night to discuss whether their marriage should continue or not. The counselor needs to understand how their clients decisions might be affected by the size of their family as well as the traditions of their religion or country of origin. During childhood we learn very powerful lessons about money, sex and power from how our parents relate to money sex and power, for example. If the counselor has had a difficult relationship with money, feeling they are not rewarded properly for instance, and they are counseling a client who has a lot of money or has inherited a lot of money, there may be particular challenges within that working relationship that the unsolder needs to be aware of. If the counselors own relationship with their sexuality as a heterosexual person has not being comfortable, due to their father coming out as gay half way through the counselors childhood, it might be difficult to counsel the client who might be deciding to relate more Openly to their previously suppressed homosexuality, and in particular how they might present this to any children they may have. I remember a close friend of mine during my university days, when I was 22, deciding that she needed to tell people that she was a lesbian. As the first person that she told. This was a very powerful and moving moment in her life. She was mainly terrified. A counselor might be the first person that young person shares what might have been a secret for them up until then. This will be a very significant opportunity for the coo nestles to develop trust with their client. And in terms of power, remember visiting a friend of mines family for New Years Eve meal, where perhaps 15 of their family w ere present. I noticed that no one in the family was willing to take the lead and make a decision about any shared activity that we would participate in that evening. Contrasted it to there families that have visited where them was one powerful leader of the group, or two or three family members who are quite capable of expressing their opinions on getting what they want in conflict and opposition with other family members. The relevance of family life experiences can mediate disability very significantly. I remember meeting a woman in her mid-ass who had a form of dwarfism. As I got to know her realism that she grew up in a really loving family is one of five children in Newcastle. She was passionate about her job, working in the job centre to support other people with usability and because she had had such a loving family environment she was able to face the difficulties common to all humans with many more resources than an able-bodied person who did not have such a loving family structure to support their development in their childhood. Unfortunately, due to her dwarfism, she unable to find a good man -? all the men I go out with are knobs was her precise phrase. I remember being very touched by her situation she clearly had so much love to give, and was so loved by her family, but due to her body shape she was unable to attract a man worthy of ere heart. As with the previous sub section to this question, I feel that family life experiences are highly relevant for both the counselor and the client. The main way that they become less relevant is for them to be shared openly, by the client in the counseling room, and by the counselor with their supervisor, if they are particularly triggered by this case; such sharing should allow for empathy to be created and the bond or connection between the counselor and client to be deepened. Learning Outcome Two. 2. 1 . Explain what is meant by cultural divisions and heritage. Cultural divisions offers to the way groups of people in a country feel affiliated to people who share specific aspects of their identity in terms of religion, culture, beliefs, national identity, class, the traditions of a family or a community, sexuality or the ethnic background in which they grow up. For instance the civil rights movement in USA divided the country along the lines of race or ethnic background. The issue of abortion creates conflict and division between those for and those against which can cause extreme violence and even homicide. Same sex marriage is another theme which can create cultural divisions thin a society. I am guessing the second part of the question refers to Cultural heritage. In which case this would refer to the way a religion, a national culture, a national identity, class or the traditions of a family or a community or sexuality or the ethnic background of a group within a larger society has historically influenced those groupings in a way which people either want to adhere to these values or want to break away from them. In Greece, for instance, pensions have traditionally been offering unsustainable levels of income (up to 90% sometimes) to the elderly because of the value Greeks place on their parental heritage. Religion endorses cultural heritage in the form of certain practices around the year Christmas, Ramadan, the Marching season in Northern Ireland, the Chinese New Year. Ways those groupings mourn and bury the dead. 2. 2. Using examples, analyses how the cultural heritage of clients might influence one-to-one counseling interactions. Religion. It feels easiest to me to begin with some more extreme examples. If the client had grown up in a family culture where religion was very important, can imagine that it might be difficult for them to find their own sense of self and orate decisions based on their own organic experience of their lives, as a humanist might. An obvious example might be someone growing up in a strongly Christian Bible-based religious community, which condemned homosexual activity, and that client would be homosexual. All sorts of conflicts and difficulties that arise as they repeat the injunctions against homosexual activity, and struggled to value their own sexual orientation. Personally, do not share the Christian injunctions against homosexual activity, and I believe it is important for where men and women to enjoy thee sexual preferences free of any dogma whatsoever. But Ive never had to experience the intense feelings of guilt and shame that can be felt by people whose family of origin takes a religious position against such a personal, intimate and private experience. A friend of mine grew up in her family of five; her father was a Protestant minister in France and a mother was heavily) involved in caring for the needs oftener Protestant community to the detriment of caring for the needs of her family. It was a family where person needs was sacrificed for the greater good of the community. 80th her father and mother had grown up as orphans, her father being 15 years old and the eldest son to 4 other children when his parents died. There was never any space for grieving the loss of his parents because of his position of responsibility. At the age of 22, her 29-year-old elder brother died on a Friday That Sunday he preached a sermon as usual and didnt mention the loss of his son. For my friend, this was something she finds very emblematic of her childhood circumstance and is unwilling to forgive her father for. In this fame circumstance grieving was not allowed due to the religious tenets and duties that the parents upheld. My friend hashed problems with asthma and her lungs since her adolescence. And is only recently embarking On a journey of individuation from the power of her familys belief systems are. Being unable to feel grief has contributed enormously to her difficulty to feel love and loving in her personal relationships. Since grief returns us back to our hearts Culture. Some estimates put the number of Polish people who have settled in the united Kingdom over the last 15 years at over 1 million. Many of these will have experienced their childhood under a communist regime, and virtually e of them will have had at least parent or grandparent rule has been severely affected by the Second World War. The individual and family trauma of experiencing war being waged in your own country, in your own town, around your own house, can only have a devastating effect on your capacity) to regulate your emotions, to share your emotions with other people, and etc parent your children; but this is something we as a human race are only just recently becoming aware of, and be able to address openly. And then to consider the national trauma of a country that lost 18% of its population in the Second World War. 18% is virtually one in five people; 6 1/2 million people dying and 27 million people surviving. How trauma is passed down from generation to generation as each tide faces the difficulties of human existence is something that I find very difficult to engage with; but imagine will at some point face working with people of Polish extraction. The challenges of working with people from Muslim Indian cultures would also b very interesting and challenging. I imagine that I would find it difficult to understand how somebody who grows up as one of eight children in a family Of, say, 12 uncles and aunties and 60 nephews and nieces. Member a Turkish tour guide I worked with for a number of months saying that the preference between Westerners and Turkish people is that we spend time alone and we make decisions alone. You live for yourselves, he said, We live for our families. He had an interesting cultural background himself, with his father being Muslim and his mother being Christian. They divorced very early after their marriage. Counseling him with his proclivity for young Russian prost itutes would be a very challenging experience. Beliefs. I happen to be associated through my role as step-parent with two people who have a very strong Christian faith; when they got married their wedding arts depicted 6,410 people walking on a path through clouds to some nebulous vision of heaven. With my own commitment to living in the present here and now, and an interest in a Gestalt approach to life, I can imagine it will be very difficult to work with people who believed that the most important thing in their lives was preparing for heaven, and that this life is merely a vale of tears that is preparing us for the promised land. Mind it difficult when people priorities their conceptual beliefs about other people in front of their heartfelt relationship with those other people. And discriminate against them. I can imagine it will be difficult to bring my own integrity forward in a way that respected their different approach, particularly children were involved. National Identity. I find people who are proud of their national identity rather boring and shallow. This is my own particular perspective. I know somebody who seems to believe that people who are English are just naturally better than people who are not. They have the English flag in their garden. I would want to direct their attention to personal differences and also to the way they use this stereotype to justify their choices and actions. American people tend to adore embody who speaks with a British accent and an American client might idols an English-speaking counselor in a way that will be detrimental to their own personal growth. They might project their positive virtues onto the counselor and the counselor would need to pay close attention to the power imbalance in these relationships. Class. I found myself liking to think that class is less significant in our society than it was when I was growing up 30 or 40 years ago. However, the sketch from TWO, That Was the Week that Was, with John Classes, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett, where each actor introduced themselves as upper middle ND lower class, in accordance with their physical stature, still has a lot of pertinence in our British society, I believe. People make choices about how safe they feel with, for instance, young men of a lower class. As a counselor personally I would feel threatened and afraid of somebody who might be intimidated by perceiving me is from a middle-class background; if they were strong vigorous and kinesthesia I would feel personally threatened by the potential of them to attack me. Conversely, have found people expect me to be wealthy, effective and successful in the ways of the world because they receive me to be well educated intelligent middle-class. Because these have not been my actual values it has been sometimes difficult to bring my experience of myself to them as am in the face of their expectations and presumptions and assumptions. The traditions of a family or a community. Patterns of attachment play out very strongly in family and community affiliations. To belong and be accepted by our family of origin and our community is one of the most powerful drives in our neurological destiny as human beings. Where each person falls either side of this has a massive impact on their identity and the way they live their lives and how the experience satisfaction in their lives. There tend to be two main options within this frame: either one is basically successfully valued and accepted within the family of origin and community, or one falls on the other side of this pattern of identification and forms a sense of self in opposition to what outside the family or community groups. If one ends up on the inside track, the client might be identified with upholding the values and rules of their parents and community. Im thinking of the way the politician Gordon Brown resented himself to the British people as somebody who followed the values of his family (his father was a minister in the Church of Scotland). He grew up as the middle son of three brothers and identified himself very closely with the values of his family and community. He experienced himself as a defender of these values on the world stage. The loss of these values was something that he felt deep concern about and expended most of his political life trying to avoid. And there will be many examples of clients who land on the other side of the tracks of their family and communities conditioning; reaps the son of successful pioneering surgeon who just wants to be a farmer, or an artistic young woman who wants to dance but grows up in a family of accountants, or a person who grows up in a family of bankers and wants to do humanitarian work in Africa. Sexuality. As young people grow up to discover and embrace their sexual self- expression, they will inevitably be comparing themselves to be compared to the sexual orientation of their parents and their community. Communities that have strong sexual codes such as those Muslim and Hindu cultures that support arranged marriage might be unwilling to accept the difference of a on or daughter with gay or lesbian interests. Or even a person with very little interest in creating a sexual connection with another person, or simply dont want to get married. Remember my own father saying how relieved he was that I am not gay. I remember the example off friend of mine whose marriage was falling apart; she was very unhappy with her husband, with whom she had a son, and there was a lot of pressure from friends and family to stick with the marriage. I remember saying to me that she sought out a counselor at this time because the counselor was the only person who didnt have any advice or any agenda for her. She had fallen in love with another man but was unable to share that with her family and community for fear Of their judgment and criticism. And this was an apparently liberal English community without any particularly strong religious affiliations. Ethnic Background ND. The ethnic background of both counselor and client will inevitably have a powerful influence on one-to-one counseling interactions. If both counselor and client are white Caucasians, it would be reasonable to expect that a significant amount of presumed values could be inferred, and would not necessarily need to be enquired into together. If the counselor were white and the client were black, the differences might be significant; and might turn around the perception of racial superiority and inferiority, or racial hatred, that both members of the process might have. I have heard black people complain about there not being enough black counselors for their race, and I have heard of clients making choices about who their counselor will be depending on their racial origin. Racial diversity seems to be less here in Devon than in the major cities of the United Kingdom; but if the client feels that the counselor is unable to hear them fairly without being viewed wrought a prejudicial lens, is unlikely that the counseling process will be successful. For either members of the exchange. The counselor will need to own the difference perspectives that their racial background brings into the space and check them out on a moment by moment basis with the client. Some clients might not be happy with the amount of time that is taken with this process may grow impatient with the counselor and with having to explain what seems obvious to them and their counselor. 2. 3. Using examples, evaluate how your own cultural heritage might impact on counseling interactions with clients. Religion. I grew up in a household with no particular religious orientation. My father believed that God had betrayed him (so he stopped believing in him) and my mother decided, after growing up in a Methodist family, that God did not exist, but the values of Methodism were wholesome and worth using as guidance for her life. As a child and as a teenager was interested in religions, particularly Buddhism. I was fortunate enough to visit India at the age of 20 and was very influenced by the experiences there which took me out of my cultural perspective and gave me something much wider, more open and interesting than I had ever experienced in England.

A Quick Look at Castiglione and Cellini Life

A Quick Look at Castiglione and Cellini Life Lawrence in his book Culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities, stated that “Early sixteenth-century Renaissance culture was a study in contrasts. The period not only marked a time when some of the most refined artistic accomplishments were achieved, it was also a period of great social upheaval”(332). In fact, there were many outstanding artists at that time, among them were Castiglione known for their philosophy of life and Cellini the first artist who really lived his own life.Castiglione was a well-rounded man with chivalry spirit as the author described “He was a versatile man a person of profound leaning, equipped with physical and martial skills, and possessed of a noble and refined demeanor”(332). The fact that he well-educated and aristocratic, he worked at the Urbino court from 1504 to 1506 and decided to write The Courtier that took him dozen years. According to the book he wrote, a true gentlemen should have brain and have adequate knowledge about his tory but the most important thing is do not rely in Christian.Elizabeth Cooke, daughter of Anthony Cooke, tutor ...

The Drug Diazepam in Pharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Drug Diazepam in Pharmacology - Essay Example Only paramedics are allowed to use in the management of â€Å"psychostimulant-induced behavioral disturbances† in times of emergency (National Drug Strategy). a. A list of conventional over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, complementary alternative medicines (CAMs) and prescription medicines that are known or suspected to undergo clinically relevant interactions with your profile drug in humans. b. List the source(s) of information you have used and indicate the strength of the evidence (e.g. anecdotal report, clinical case, clinical trial, etc) for each of the interactions that you have identified. Fluconazole is an antifungal that belongs to a group of drugs known as azoles that increases the effects of Diazepam by increasing the levels of Diazepam available in the plasma at any given time. A study conducted by Saari established that Fluconazole increased the level of Diazepam two and a half times thereby increasing the sedative effects of Diazepam. However, the peak plasma concentrations and the pharmacodynamics of Diazepam were not affected (941-999). Voriconazole may inhibit Diazepams metabolism, increasing the risk of adverse effects. In essence, Voriconazole acts the same way as Fluconazole by increasing the levels of Diazepam that are available in the plasma at any given time (Saari 941-999). Therefore, a Diazepam dose should be decreased. Diazepam may possibly increase or decrease phenytoin concentration. The phenytoin concentration should be monitored in case of toxicity and the phenytoin dose should be adjusted as necessary (Australian Medicine Handbook 2011). Enhanced sedation or respiratory and cardiovascular depression may occur if diazepam or other benzodiazepines are combined with drugs that have CNS-depressant properties such as alcohol, antidepressants, sedative antihistamines, antipsychotics, general anesthetics, other hypnotics or sedatives and opioid analgesics.  

Project Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Project Managment - Essay Example The activities follow a systematic order according to priority needs while coordination among them is profusely maintained. Distributing the tasks among the project staff is important as this will simplify the activities. Once it is done, collection of articles is conducted in order to proceed for sorting them out. Managing articles is more essential than photo collection as articles are undoubtedly the main focus of the magazine. The project manager (PM) should depend on the shortest time. This will make him organize and systematize activities for a successful and early completion of the project. Besides, coordination among the people in the project is important and the PM should motivate his team for it. Both CPA and WBS frameworks are important for a project. However, WBS as a top-down model can assess only from the top management point of view that may ignore activities happened at lower levels. But CPA is adequate in detailing the activities. Circle and arrow diagram also aptly shows the project details. Significance: WBS, OBS and CPA are essential frameworks that help the project manager to explain people involved in the project about the project details. It is the responsibility of the project management team under the PM to do a WBS or CPA. The University magazine project contains top-down and bottom-up approaches for identifying and organizing the project activities. CPA framework studied the critical issues of the project and prioritized the tasks accordingly. WBS and OBS frameworks are adopted in order to break the project down into smaller segments. The University magazine project adopts CPA, WBS and OBS tools for proper planning and scheduling. These tools divide the project into different smaller segments, which results in speedy development of the project. The new project is expected to update the standard of the university magazine to a

Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

Analysis of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Modernist Disillusionment in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Unlike the romantic period that preceded it, the modernist literary movement reflected the feelings of a Lost Generation affected by industrialization and war trauma. As such, modernist literature often employs cynical or detached worldviews in angsty tones. The most famous writer of the movement, T.S Eliot, explored modernist themes of disillusionment through poetry. One of his poems,The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, focuses on the theme of indecisiveness as a symptom of modernization in society. T.S Eliots Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock is representative of the modernist literary canon through its exploration of the speakers personal feelings of anxiety and stagnation. The repetition of questions and refrains in The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock is used to express the speakers self-doubt and insecurity in a modernized, changing society. The poem primarily focuses on the speakers inability to talk to women, and how this relates to his fragile self-esteem as a whole. Throughout the poem, the speaker repeats,In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo (lines 13-14). This repeated observation of the women coming and going serves as a disruption to the speakers hypothetical dialogue with the woman he loves. He is unable to approach women because they intimidate him, especially in a new society where women are more educated and independent. The speaker also uses repetition by questioning himself ,How should I presume? (line 54). The question follows his memories of past rejections, wavering his resolve to pursue a woman romantically. He is so paralyzed by his insecurity that he cannot even hold a conversation. This repetition is significan t because it shows the speaker questioning his place in society, a common theme in modernist writing. Eliots poem also incorporates multiple allusions to classic literary works, which are indicative of modernist skepticism of tradition. The references come from varied texts, including the Bible, Dante, Chaucer, and Greek philosophers, but Eliot especially focuses on Shakespeare. In one stanza, the speaker laments No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be; Am an attendant lord, one that will do To swell a progress, start a scene or two (lines 111-113). Here, the speaker feels a lack of personal agency, and only sees himself as an extension of others; he will only ever be in a supporting role for those who lead.ÂÂ   J. Alfred Prufrock will never lead a progress like Chaucer, or woo a coy mistress like Marvell, just like he will never be the Hamlet or Lazarus he wishes he was. He is too scared to even try. Classical allusions like this are a signature of the modernist writing, where the traditional is used as a framework for contemplating the contemporary. These allusions are meant to show the speakers weakness, of what he can never attain.They are not used for glorifying the past, but for questioning the present. In the poem, the speakers fear of inadequacy with women is connected to his larger fear of aging and mortality, and shows his existential crisis. When trying to gather the courage to pursue his romantic interest, the speaker resigns I am no prophet and heres no great matter; I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker, And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker, And in short, I was afraid (lines 83-86). The speaker sees his social awkwardness as more than just situational; it is the story of his life, the only thing that defines his character. In every small failed interaction, he feels that his life has no importance, and that any instance of success is fleeting. He imagines Death, the eternal Footman, mocking him, just as he imagines women mocking him. Through this imagery, the speaker imagines his failure to win over the woman he loves as the literal death of him. By connecting romantic insecurity with existential insecurity, T.S. Eliot explores both the sma ll- and large-scale implications of modernist thought. Modernist literature differed from previous literary movements in its exploration of the internal mind, rather than the external world. Although deeply affected by external societal issues (industrialization, imperialism, war), modernist style primarily focuses on personal psyche. Modernist literary works often take the form of stream-of-consciousness, or in the case of The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, dramatic monologue, rarely with any input of interpersonal dialogue. By turning the narrative inward, modernism sought to expose how the world at large can impact the individual body and mind. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock remains a primary example of modernism because of its ability to make the reader connect so personally with the speakers internal conflicts, and consequently understand the external conflicts of the early 20th century. Works Cited Eliot, T. S. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. N.p.: n.p., 1915. Print.

The Crusades Essay -- European History Muslim War Essays

The Crusades â€Å"The Crusades: series of wars by Western European Christians to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims.† (Encarta â€Å"Crusades†) The Crusades first began in 1096 and ended in the late 13th century. The term Crusade originally meant that the European’s would use all their efforts to regain the power from the Muslims. They wanted to retake the city of Jerusalem, which was holy to Christians because that’s where the crucifixion of Jesus Christ occurred. Europeans later used it to allocate any military efforts against non-Christians. The Crusaders also created feudal states in the Near East. The Crusades played an important role of European expansion and colonialism. â€Å"They mark the first time Western Christendom undertook a military initiative far from home, the first time significant numbers left to carry their culture and religion abroad.† (Encarta â€Å"Crusades†) In addition to the efforts in the East, the Crusading movement includes other wars against Muslims, pagans, and dissident Christians and the general expansion of Christian Europe. â€Å"Originally the object of the crusade was to help the Christian Churches in the East.†(Mayer, 9) â€Å" Also on the agenda was the peace of God, i.e. the prohibition of feuding on certain days and the immunity of certain people, places, and things.†(Mayer, 8). Basically the Crusades were an expression of militant Christianity and European expansion. They combined religious interests with worldly and military views. Christians learned to live in different cultures; they also forced something of their own thoughts and beliefs on these cultures. The Crusades strongly affected the beliefs of people at the time, and to this day they are among the most famous chapters of medieval history. The crusades began to stir up after the death of Charlemagne, king of the Franks, in 814. After his death Christian Europe was under attack and weak. â€Å"Magyars, nomadic people from Asia, pillaged eastern and central Europe until the 10th century.† (Encarta â€Å"Crusades†). Starting in the year 800, Viking raids interrupted life in northern Europe and even Mediterranean cities. But the greatest threat came from the forces of Islam. This was in consequence to Muhammad their notorious leader dying, in 632. â€Å"By the 8th century, Islamic forces had conquered North Africa, the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, and most of Spain.† (Mayer, 3... ...Christian banner so far from home, given the contemporary conditions of transport and communication, was impressive.†(Encarta, â€Å"Crusades†). The most important effect of the Crusades was economic. The Italian cities prospered from the transport of Crusaders and replaced Byzantines and Muslims as merchant-traders in the Mediterranean. Trade passed through Italian hands to Western Europe with a tremendous profit. This power became the basis of economics in the Italian Renaissance. It also made powers such as the Atlantic like Spain and Portugal to seek trade through India and China. â€Å"Their efforts, through such explorers as Vasco da Gama and Christopher Columbus, helped to open most of the world to European trade dominance and colonization and to shift the center of commercial activity from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.†(Encarta, â€Å"Crusades†). Works Cited Barker, Ernest. The Crusades: Books for Libraries Press. New York. 1923. Krey, August C. The First Crusade: The accounts of Eye-Witnesses and Participants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Princeton University Press. 1921 Mayer, Hans Eberhard. The Crusades: Second Edition. Oxford University Press. 1965 Microsoft Encarta encyclopedia 2004.

Ethical codes and Critical thinking Essay

The issues involving Ethics vs Critical thinking has been a popular topic among researchers for many years. In depth analysis of Ethics vs Critical thinking can be an enriching experience. While it has been acknowledged that it has an important part to play in the development of man, its influence on western cinema has not been given proper recognition. Inevitably Ethics vs Critical thinking is often misunderstood by the easily lead, whom I can say no more about due to legal restrictions. Complex though it is I shall now attempt to provide an exaustive report on Ethics vs Critical thinking and its numerous ‘industries’. There is cultural and institutional interdependence between members of any community. When Thucictholous said ‘people only know one thing’ [1] he shead new light on Ethics vs Critical thinking, allowing man to take it by the hand and understand its momentum. More a melody to societies dysfunctions than a parody of the self, Ethics vs Critical thinking bravely illustrates what we are most afraid of, what we all know deep down in our hearts. Some analysts have been tempted to disregard Ethics vs Critical thinking. I haven’t. Clearly it promotes higher individualism and obeyence of instinct. As soon as a child meets Ethics vs Critical thinking they are changed. Increasingly economic growth and innovation are being attributed to Ethics vs Critical thinking. Of course, Ethics vs Critical thinking fits perfectly into the Lead-a-Duck-to-Water model. For those of you unfamiliar with this model it is derived from the Three-Amigos model but with greater emphasis on the outlying gross national product. When displayed this way it becomes very clear that Ethics vs Critical thinking is of great importance. My personal view is that the cost of living world wide are driven entirely by Ethics vs Critical thinking. Many analysts fear a subsequent depression. It is always enlightening to consider the words of the uncompromising Kuuipo H. Amster ‘Political  idealists must ideally deal, for I daily list my ideals politically.’ This quotation leads me to suspect that he was not unaccustomed to Ethics vs Critical thinking. It speaks volumes. If Ethics vs Critical thinking be the food of politics, play on. One thing’s certain. The Human species liberally desires Ethics vs Critical thinking, and what’s more human than politics? What can we conclude? Well, Ethics vs Critical thinking parades along man’s streets and man waves back. It enriches, ‘literally’ plants seeds for harvest, and always chips in.